Kuka päivitti Kaarle II (Englanti)?

Kaarle II (engl. Charles II); (29. toukokuuta 1630 St Jamesin palatsi, Lontoo, Englannin kuningaskunta – 6. helmikuuta 1685 Lontoo) oli Englannin, Skotlannin ja Irlannin kuningas vuosina 1660–1685.

Hän oli sisällissodan jälkeen mestatun Kaarle I:n ja kuningatar Henrietta Marian poika. Lyhyen tasavaltakauden jälkeen parlamentti kutsui Kaarle II:n Englantiin, ja monarkia samoin kuin anglikaanisen kirkon valta palautettiin. Kuningas oli monissa asioissa parlamentin myötävaikutuksesta riippuvainen, eikä tasavallan tukijoita rangaistu kovin ankarasti. Kaarle I:n kuolemantuomion allekirjoittajat tosin teloitettiin, ja Oliver Cromwellin maalliset jäännökset vietiin pois Westminster Abbeystä.

Kaarle II:n kauden alussa sattui kaksi pahaa onnettomuutta: suuri ruttoepidemia vuonna 1665 ja Lontoon suuri palo heti seuraavana vuonna, jolloin ruttoa levittäneiksi luullut rotat ilmeisesti kuolivat tulipalossa sukupuuttoon. Myöhemmin Kaarlelle aiheuttivat ongelmia sodat Hollannin kanssa sekä se, että häntä epäiltiin – osin syystäkin – aikeista palauttaa maa katoliseksi, mihin liittyivät vehkeilyt Ranskan Ludvig XIV:n kanssa.

Kaarle II on tunnettu naisseikkailuistaan ja lukuisista rakastajattarista. Hänellä oli ainakin 14 aviotonta lasta, mutta ei yhtään kruununperijäksi oikeutettua jälkeläistä.

Kiista siitä, oliko Kaarlen katolisella veljellä Yorkin herttua Jamesilla, tulevalla Jaakko II:llä oikeus päästä protestanttiseksi vakiintuneen maan hallitsijaksi, synnytti brittien puoluejärjestelmän siemenen: muodostui kaksi puoluetta, herttua Jamesin hyväksyvät toryt ja tämän torjuvat whigit. Whigien salaliitto kuninkaan murhaamiseksi paljastui, toryjen kanta voitti, ja Jaakko II peri Kaarlen kuoltua kruunun.

Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin (6 June 1646 – 2 July 1699), was a niece of Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister of France, and a mistress of Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. She was the fourth of the five famous Mancini sisters, who, along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes.

Catherine Pegge (1635 circa – ...) fu per lunghi anni amante del re d'Inghilterra Carlo II.

Dal sovrano ebbe due figli, Charles FitzCharles, I conte di Plymouth e Catherine FitzCharles.

Figlia di esponenti di classi sociali elevate, seguì la famiglia nell'esilio presso la città belga di Bruges e fu proprio in questa città che iniziò la sua relazione con il sovrano.

Mary "Moll" Davis (c. 1648 – 1708), also spelt Davies or Davys, was a courtesan and mistress of King Charles II of England. She was an actress and entertainer before and during her role as royal mistress.

Frances Teresa Stewart, Duchess of Richmond and Lennox (8 July 1647 – 15 October 1702) was a prominent member of the Court of the Restoration and famous for refusing to become a mistress of Charles II of England. For her great beauty she was known as La Belle Stuart and served as the model for an idealised, female Britannia. She is one of the Windsor Beauties painted by Sir Peter Lely.

Winifred Wells was a courtier at the Stuart Restoration court as a Maid of Honour to Queen consort Catherine of Braganza. She was also one of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England. Samuel Pepys refers to her as the King's mistress in his diary, and she also features in Philibert de Gramont's famous Mémoirs.

Eleanor Gwyn (also spelled Gwynn, Gwynne, Gwin; 2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687) was an English stage actress and celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Praised by Samuel Pepys for her comic performances as one of the first actresses on the English stage, she became best known for being a longtime mistress of King Charles II of England.

Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England, and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella. Gwyn had two sons by King Charles: Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726) and James Beauclerk (1671–1680). Charles Beauclerk was created Earl of Burford and Duke of St Albans; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans is her descendant, and the current holder of the title.

Elizabeth Boyle, Viscountess Shannon (born Elizabeth Killigrew; baptised 16 May 1622 – December 1680), was an English courtier and mistress of King Charles II.

Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth (5 September 1649 – 14 November 1734) was a French mistress of King Charles II of England. She was also made Duchess of Aubigny in the peerage of France.

Lucy Walter (c. 1630 – 1658), also known as Lucy Barlow, was the first mistress of King Charles II of England and mother of James, Duke of Monmouth. During the Exclusion Crisis, a Protestant faction wanted to make her son heir to the throne, fuelled by the rumour that the king might have married Lucy, a claim which he denied.

Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Castlemaine (née Barbara Villiers VIL-ərz; 27 November [O.S. 17 November] 1640 – 9 October 1709), was an English royal mistress of the Villiers family and perhaps the most notorious of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children, all of them acknowledged and subsequently ennobled. Barbara was the subject of many portraits, in particular by court painter Sir Peter Lely.

Barbara's first cousin, Elizabeth Villiers (later 1st Countess of Orkney 1657–1733), was the presumed mistress of King William III. King William was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1702.